<h2 class="section-title u-h3 u-margin-l-top u-margin-xs-bottom">Abstract</h2> <div id="as0005"> <h3 id="st0010" class="u-h4 u-margin-m-top u-margin-xs-bottom">Background</h3> <p id="sp0035"><a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/biochemistry-genetics-and-molecular-biology/benzodiazepine" title="Learn more about Benzodiazepine from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages">Benzodiazepines</a> and <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/opiate" title="Learn more about Opiate from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages">opioids</a> are commonly used for <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/conscious-sedation" title="Learn more about Conscious Sedation from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages">conscious sedation</a> (CS) in <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/cardiac-catheterization" title="Learn more about Cardiac Catheterization from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages">cardiac catheterization</a> laboratory (CCL) patients. Both <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/drug" title="Learn more about Drug from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages">drugs</a> are known to predispose to <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/hypoxemia" title="Learn more about Hypoxemia from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages">hypoxemia</a>, <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/apnea" title="Learn more about Apnea from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages">apnea</a> and decreased responsiveness to PCO<sub>2</sub>, resulting in decreased arterial <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/biochemistry-genetics-and-molecular-biology/ph" title="Learn more about pH from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages">pH</a> and PO<sub>2</sub>, as well as increased PCO<sub>2</sub>. We want to determine the effects of CS on <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/biochemistry-genetics-and-molecular-biology/arterial-blood-gas" title="Learn more about Arterial Blood Gas from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages">arterial blood gas</a> (ABG) in CCL patient, and identify if <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/biochemistry-genetics-and-molecular-biology/pulse-rate" title="Learn more about Pulse Rate from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages">pulse</a> oximetry monitoring is adequate.</p> </div> <div id="as0010"> <h3 id="st0015" class="u-h4 u-margin-m-top u-margin-xs-bottom">Methods</h3> <p id="sp0040">We enrolled 18 subjects undergoing elective <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/catheterization" title="Learn more about Catheterization from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages">catheterization</a>. <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/measurement" title="Learn more about Measurement from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages">Measurement</a> of ABGs at one-minute intervals was done from the moment of arterial access until case end. The results of ABGs were not available to the clinician who administered <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/sedation" title="Learn more about Sedation from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages">sedation</a>. Relationships of pH, PCO<sub>2</sub>, PaO<sub>2</sub> and SaO<sub>2</sub> were studied by plotting <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/time-series-analysis" title="Learn more about Time Series Analysis from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages">time series</a>graphs. Significant changes were defined as pH <7.30, SaO<sub>2</sub> < 90, and PCO<sub>2</sub> > 50 mmHg.</p> </div> <div id="as0015"> <h3 id="st0020" class="u-h4 u-margin-m-top u-margin-xs-bottom">Results</h3> <p id="sp0045">No significant change in pH, PCO<sub>2</sub>, PaO<sub>2</sub> and SaO<sub>2</sub> was noted in 4/18 (22%) subjects. A significant drop in SaO<sub>2</sub> was noted in 4/18 (22%). A significant change in PCO<sub>2</sub>and/or pH was noted in 10/18 (55%) cases. Among the 16 (16/18) subjects receiving supplemental <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/oxygen" title="Learn more about Oxygen from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages">oxygen</a>, 7 (7/18, 39%) had no drop in SaO<sub>2</sub>, but developed <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/respiratory-acidosis" title="Learn more about Respiratory Acidosis from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages">respiratory acidosis</a>. At the end of the case, 5/18 (28%) subjects had respiratory <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/acidosis" title="Learn more about Acidosis from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages">acidosis</a> with normal PaO<sub>2</sub>.</p> </div> <div id="as0020"> <h3 id="st0025" class="u-h4 u-margin-m-top u-margin-xs-bottom">Conclusion</h3> <p id="sp0050">Significant <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/hypercapnia" title="Learn more about Hypercapnia from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages">hypercarbia</a> and acidosis occurred frequently in this small study during CS in patients undergoing cardiac catheterization. Relying on <a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/medicine-and-dentistry/pulse-oximetry" title="Learn more about Pulse Oximetry from ScienceDirect's AI-generated Topic Pages">pulse oximetry</a> alone especially with patients on supplemental oxygen may lead to failure in detecting respiratory acidosis in a significant number of patients.</p> </div>